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Defeat Diabetes Foundation

Defeat Diabetes
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How to Screen a Community for PreDiabetes & Diabetes

Posted: Thursday, October 05, 2006

Evaluation of a campaign that screened a community of 95,000 via 530 pharmacies.

We know that there are 42 million people in the US with prediabetes and if found early, we can possibly prevent them from getting diabetes by 70%, which comes from the results of the recent Dream study and the Diabetes Prevention Trials (DPPT). In the following abstract you can see that there is an effective way to screen a population that is cost effective.

Sequential screening for diabetes—evaluation of a campaign in community pharmacies

The purpose was to detect for early detection of persons at risk for type 2 diabetes, a combination of risk factor assessment and glucose measurement could be a promising approach and an opportunity for health promotion. The object of this study was to develop a sequential screening concept and to evaluate it in a national pharmacy based screening campaign.

Method: Community pharmacies of the German speaking part of Switzerland participating in the national Self Care campaign “Stop diabetes-test now” offered a free of charge “sequential screening” with (a) diabetes risk assessment, (b) consecutive capillary blood glucose measurement and (c) assessment of the motivation for lifestyle change based on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behaviour change. A 35 items data sheet served as a structured screening protocol and enabled quick and reliable documentation of all relevant data. Outcomes measures were: age, sex, cigarette smoking, total score of the ADA diabetes risk-factor questionnaire, family history of diabetes, body mass index, insufficient physical activity, blood pressure, capillary blood glucose, motivation for lifestyle change, counselling activities and triage decisions of the pharmacy team.

Results: During the 5 weeks of spring 2002, 530 pharmacies screened a total of 93,258 persons (33.1% male, mean age 60.9 years ± 14.1 (SD)). Risk profile: family history of diabetes 26.4%; BMI = 25 kg/m2 49.3%; low physical activity 27.2%; elevated blood pressure 45.7%. Stratification into risk groups: < 2 risk factors 21.6%; = 2 risk factors 71.5%; borderline glycemia >95mg/dL- FG 5.3–6.1 mmol/l, confirmed in a second measurement) 2.5% and hyperglycaemia FG 109mg/dL (FG = 6.1 mmol/1 or NFG = 11.1 mmol/1) 4.4%.

Of all persons screened, 6.4% were referred to a physician and 73.7% got targeted advice with respect to physical activity and/or nutrition based on their specific risk profile.

Conclusion: The sequential screening could successfully be implemented into pharmacy practice. Of the generally elderly persons screened, 6.9% were detected with suspicion for diabetes type 2 and 71.5% had at least two risk factors. This provided an opportunity to initiate targeted counselling regarding therapeutic lifestyle change.

Publishers Note: What are we waiting for? If we can prepare for the bird flu epidemic by stock pilling drugs for something that we don’t even know will ever happen, why not actually do something for an epidemic that we know is happening right now?

Source: Diabetes In Control: Pharmacy World & Science Publisher Springer Netherlands