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Data for Atkins & South
Beach Dieters on Insulin Resistance, Obesity and the
Fiber Connection
posted September 22, 2004
Insulin sensitivity may be more
directly related
to loss
of intramyocellular or omental fat rather than loss
of total body weight.
Insulin resistance is a central pathogenic factor for the metabolic syndrome and
is associated with both generalized obesity and the accumulation
of fat in the omental and intramyocellular compartments. In the context
of the current obesity epidemic, it is imperative
to consider diets in terms
of their ability
to both promote weight loss and ameliorate insulin resistance. Weight
loss under any dietary formulation depends on hypocaloric intake, and only
moderate weight loss (5–10%) is sufficient
to augment insulin sensitivity. However, increments in insulin
sensitivity may be more directly related
to loss
of intramyocellular or omental fat rather than loss
of total body weight per se. The widespread acceptance
of popular low-carbohydrate high-fat diets (e.g. Atkins Diet, Zone Diet,
South Beach diet) further underscores the need
to evaluate dietary interventions regarding their safety and metabolic
effects.
These high-fat diets have been shown
to be safe in the short term; however, their long-term safety has not
been established. With respect
to insulin sensitivity, diets enriched in saturated fats can induce
insulin resistance, whereas fat substitution with monounsaturated fats can
enhance insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, high-fiber, high-carbohydrate
diets comprised
of foods with low caloric density can similarly be used for effective
weight reduction and
to ameliorate insulin resistance. Although some data suggest that low-glycemic
index diets are most advantageous in this regard, these effects may have more
to do with increments in dietary fiber than differences in available
carbohydrates.
Popular low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets are being fervently embraced as an
alternative
to challenging modifications in lifestyle and intentional calorie
reduction. Current data do not support such unbridled enthusiasm for these
diets, particularly in relationship
to high-fiber, high-carbohydrate diets emphasizing intake
of fresh vegetables and fruits. Long-term studies
to determine the efficacy and safety
of both popular and experimental diets are warranted.
Source: Diabetes In Control.com:
Journal
of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 9 4197-4205.
September 2004 News Article Index
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